Terrorism No Easy Definition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1282 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Running Head: TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION Why is Terrorism so hard to define? Violence Undefined TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION Abstract My first Reaction Paper in Module 2 discusses why terrorism is so hard to define. This paper will address the many uses of extreme force and violence that is meant to make the government or population alter its direction. Dyson states, it can take a variety of forms, including left wing, right wing, special interest, single issue, religious, ethnic, and hate. (Dyson, 2012, p. 34-35). Of course, some people believe, for instance, terrorism can only be performed in a group but they can be individual as well. TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 3 Violence Everywhere Terrorism is very difficult to define. When a person thinks of terrorism, the first thing they may think of is the pain, fear, and violence. Even though there are some actions that do cause pain and fear, it is not necessarily considered terrorism A local street gang could induce fright on the part of the neighborhood . . Motorcycle gang riding down main street of a small community could generate fear to the townspeople . . strikers could be frightened by union busters. robber could cause extreme panic in his victim if he suddenly shot out the windows of the persons store. (Dyson, 2012, p. 19) Moreover, the word Terrorist was first used because of the Revolutionary government. It provided the example of future states in coercing their populations as well as inspiring a reaction by the traditionalists and other opponents. These terrorists used tactics such as murder and pressure for those who resisted the Revolutionary agents. Further, due to the violent political actions over the past few years, a majority of individuals assume that any extreme violence is considered terrorism because they believe it is for political intentions. Too, state, county, and local governments, have been known to use the FBIs definition. The definition is any unlawful use or action that intimidates or even coerces a government or its people for political or even social objectives will not be accepted at all. (Dyson, 2012, p. 25) Since the FBI is considered law enforcement and in their eyes specifically terrorism is a crime, other agencys that are more concerned with the intelligence of terrorist, is not bothered about the legal aspect. In addition, different particular interest and civil rights groups will more than likely work on the definition so that their interest is noted. In an effort to eliminate their members from the general population, the group representing a specific ethnic or religious group will want to TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 4 ensure their definition is broad enough. Therefore, not only is terrorism illegal but anyone in the field of fighting terrorism believes the definition should be the use of extreme violence meant to a change both the government and society. Although law enforceme nt and governmental agencies do not consider marches, demonstrations, etc. terrorism, special interest organizations want to be sure their definition be included. This ensures that the legal activities are included in the scope of terrorism. Just because the protests turn into riots does not mean it is actually terrorism. And, to understand the concept of terrorism, numerous questions should be addressed does a terrorist have to seek the overthrow of the government? Does terrorist have to attempt to kill people? Does a terrorist have to frighten the entire population? Does a terrorist have to employ physical violence? Is there a minimal amount of damage that must be done be before an attack can be classified as being terrorism? (Dyson, 2012, p. 21-22) Depending on the type of terrorism, would determine the particular type of terrorism. For instance, the FBIs definition of domestic terrorism is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ . unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or Puerto Rico without foreign directions and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. government or its population.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Dyson, 2012, p. 25) While the domestic terrorism deals with the United States, the International Terrorism deals with the unlawful, threatened use of force or violence directed at the United States. (Dyson, 2012, p. 25) Equally important are the different types of terrorism than can be both domestic and international. For instance, the left-wing extremist could be considered both because they desire to alter things not tried before and that although Americans are considered good, the government currently has the responsibility for its citizens. One example of the left-wing extremist is the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). FARC mainly operates in Columbia TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 5 with behaviors of extortion, weapons acquisition, logistics, kidnapping , bombings, mortar attacks and murder against the Colombian military. Economic and political targets, as well as guerrilla and conventional military action, are also performed by FARC. Because the United States supports the Columbian Government, FARC believes the United States personnel to be a legitimate military target. This group is against the government, capitalism, and the environment. Another example of the left-wing extremist is Ted Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber. He was against the development and progressive technology of the United States as he tried to improve a nature-centered form of a revolt. Another type of terrorism is the Right-Wing Extremism. These domestic terrorist groups are inspired by philosophies such as distrust of the government, anti-immigration, and tax, etc. Once such example is that of Timothy McVeigh, who set off a bomb at the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City twenty (20) years ago. His goal was to resist open-minded governments while conserving the traditional public orders as well as wanting to be considered by militias and gang. The fascist Nazi dictatorship and the Klu Klux Klan group are also examples of Right-Wing Extremism because they also, not only operate in the United States, but in Russia and Germany. The Right-Wing Extremism prefers not to have a government, which would make them anarchist and just like the Left Wing, can be considered both domestic and international. Next is the Single-Issue or the Special-Interest Terrorism. Although the group does not violently attack and does not have a political agenda, they are known to be responsible for the most number of incidents. They want to solve specific issues by conducting acts of violence for a particular cause for example animal rights, environmental, pro-life and anti-nuclear. Issues of both domestic and international terrorism are usually single-issue groups such as animal rights, TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 6 Anti-abortion, eco-issu es, and anti-genetic engineering. Special interest terrorism is different from the traditional right wing and left-wing because the extremist special interest groups look to resolve particular issues, rather than influence more extensive political change. Domestic terrorists respond after a trigger happens, even though most are not psychotic. An example of is Timothy McVeigh. He was the individual who bombed the Murrah building in Oklahoma City after the FBI and ATF invaded David Koresh Branch Davidian compound. Another type of terrorism is Religious Terrorism. Religious Terrorism can be dangerous because the passion for sacrificing them for the cause comes into play. There are all kinds of tactics, such as suicide bombings, that is used to ensure their points are made and to help inspire this passion. The only other department that defines international terrorism is the State Department. They describe international terrorism as involving individuals of more than the one (1) c ountry to control its population. In the late 1700 to early 1800s, the French Revolution had many executions. That was the first state terrorism. In conclusion, the difficulty in conveying a complete definition of terrorism remains not only in the motives, targets and methods that vary from case-to-case, but the connections within each group make it impossible. TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 7 References 1. Dyson, W. E. (2012). Terrorism: An investigators handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Terrorism: No Easy Definition" essay for you Create order

Lord of the Flies by William Golding - 549 Words

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Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. Essay - 1420 Words

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Criminal and Civil Essay Example For Students

Criminal and Civil Essay 1)Date of article and name of newspaper Woman jailed for church stabbings is found in The Herald Sun Newspaper on the 29th of January 2004. 2)Outline facts of case Susan Sewell is a 46 year old homeless woman who occasionally sleeps on the steps of the Collins Street Baptist ChurchOn the night of August 27th 2002, a Musica Viva chamber music concert was being setup and Susan got asked to move from the church stepsShe did as the workers asked and left the church steps without hesitationAbout 40 minutes later, she entered the church and said hello, as concert singers and band members cameAfter saying hello, she stabbed a staff member in the abdomen the approached a ticket seller and stabbed her in the backSewell was then confronted by Mr. Burch, host of ABC 774s Sunday show, who asked her to drop the knife, twiceMr. Burch was then stabbed by Sewell in the lower abdomenBystanders then subdued her as police were contacted Sewell has no previous criminal or psychiatric history and said sh e had no memory of the stabbingsA court-ordered psychiatric report was unable to establish Sewells background or to diagnose a specific mental illness. 3)Classify in detail the incident as either criminal or civilIt is clear that the incident in this article is criminal for several reasons. Firstly,there are a number of terms, such as pleaded guilty and jailed which are only usedin criminal cases. Pleading guilty is a term used in criminal cases and is a pleagiven by the accused, who admits to the alleged offences, as opposed to a civil case, where a person is found liable or not liable. Jailed is also a term used incriminal cases and at times civil cases. However jailed terms in criminal cases areusually more severe, such as the incident in this article, with the jail term of twoyears as opposed to civil jail terms which usually consist of several months in jailwith community based services. In this case, the standards of behaviour were notmet, as three people were injured seriously and other bystanders were threatened.Due to this incident, it is the States responsibility to ensure that the standards of behaviour are met and that t he criminal is punished for their wrong actions. The State is also responsible for protecting the society as a whole. Before hersentence, the court ordered psychiatric treatment but were unable to diagnose anymental illness. However, the accused pleaded guilty as the state imposed a penaltyof 42 months. 4)List and define any legal termsCounty court An intermediate court situated between the Magistrates andSupreme courts. It has both criminal and civil jurisdiction and hears appeals. Pleading guilty A plea given by the accused in a criminal case admitting to the alleged offence. Jailed A penalty usually given in criminal cases and at times civil. It is when you serve time behind bars as your freedom is taken away. Recklessly causing serious injury Causing serious injury in a manner showing indifference to the consequences. Sentence The sanction of a term of imprisonment handed down by a criminal court. 5)Describe the outcome and its purpose. What do you think? Why?The outcome of this criminal case was a penalty of at least two years in jail for three counts of recklessly causing serious injury. There are several purposes for imposing criminal punishment such as rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution and protection. Rehabilitation, also known as reform is one of the most important out of the four. It aims to allow individuals to change their inappropriate behaviour, so that he or she may become a valuable member of society. An example of this is drug and alcohol programs which target offenders who require specialised treatment to prevent further criminal conduct. An increasingly crucial aspect is education as many prisoners have poor literacy skills. Deterrence has two effects when imposing a criminal punishment. Firstly, it deters others in society from committing that particular offence and secondly, to discourage the offender from continuing with a life of crime. Usually a sever e punishment would give a stronger deterrence to both society and offender. The third factor is retribution, which is an expression of revenge on behalf of society, so that the offender is deemed to have suffered for his or her wrongdoing. The last factor is protection which is assured only through imprisonment. For the duration of their sentence, prisoners are not regarded as a threat to the community. .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 , .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .postImageUrl , .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 , .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:hover , .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:visited , .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:active { border:0!important; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:active , .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572 .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2db161d05f447c4dfb9f612e47f8f572:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Facebook, Twitter and Other Social Websites EssayI think the outcome of the case is a fair trial but still needs more consideration. Not a lot of information is known about Susan Sewell as more should be found out about her. She should also be put through a few more psychiatric tests to see if she has any mental illness. After serving at least two years she should go through more psychiatric tests to see if she is capable of becoming a member of society again. Also during her sentence, she should do some community service and find some money for the medical bills of her victims. 1) Date of article and name of newspaper Tears Flow as Victims of Legionnaires Disease Win Batt le is found in The Age Newspaper on the 3rd of February 2004. 2) Outline facts of case Mrs. Hilton, of Carrum Downs, was upset and fought over the death of the former lead plaintiff in action, Phyllis Patterson (father of Mrs. Hilton)According to Mrs. Hilton, she is in intensive care for three weeks after being infected with Legionnaires disease. Mrs. Hilton visited The Melbourne Aquarium in April 2000 with nine family members, many on holiday from EnglandMrs. Hilton still suffers from lack of energy, fatigue, shortness of breath and depression. Defendants in the case included a builder, architect, engineer, contractors and insurersThe damages action was brought in May 2000, after two people died and more than 60 were affectedThe outbreak affected more than 170 people and four died directly from the disease. Another 12 class action members had since died from conditions allegedly related to the diseaseTheir estates were included in the claimThe outbreak was sourced to the aquariums water cooling towersThe aquariums air-conditioning system was changed after the incidentAll the victims of the outbreak had visited or were near the aquarium between April 11 and 27, 20003) Classify in detail the incident as either criminal or civilIn this article, it can be seen that the incident is civil, for several reasons. Firstly, there are a number of terms, such as fight for compensation and breaches of duty which are only used in civil cases. Compensation is a payment made to the winning party in a civil case designed to put them back into the same position they were in before the action arose. Breaches of duty is when an individual has not done all that is reasonable in order to ensure the safety of others who may be directly affected by their acts or omissions, they have breached their duty of care, in other words, the person acted carelessly. In this case, the standards of behaviour were not met, as around 200 people were affected and suffering, while 4 people died. It is the States responsibility to ensure that the standards of behaviour are met and that compensation is given to those who are suffering and affected by the disease. It is also the States responsibility to ensure that the victims and other individuals rights are protected. It is said that the compensation would end up in the millions but has not been finalized. 4) List and define any legal termsCompensation A payment made to the winning party in a civil caseDefendant The party against whom a civil or criminal action is broughtLiability To owe something to another. If you owe something to someone you have a liability to that personPlaintiff A person who instigates civil proceedings against another or against the state. Causation of injury Person or action that causes injuryBreaches of duty When an individual has not done all that is reasonable in order to ensure the safety of others who may be directly affected by their acts or omissionsAdjourned To put off or postpone5) Describe the outcome and its purpose. What do you think? Why?The outcome of this civil case was compensation in the millions. The purpose of the outcome is to restore the parties involved, to their original position. In order to do so, the plaintiff normally seeks special damages or general damages, which are both forms of compensation. Special damages, is a sum of money paid out where the loss suffered by the plaintiff can be easily assessed. Special damages include costs such as hospital bills, medicine, doctors charges and loss of wages. General damages are losses which require estimates by a judge and jury. General damages include pedestrian injury in which estimates for pain and suffering may follow. I think that the outcome i s fair, as money is compensated to those who are suffering. However, I think more should be done for those who have lost a loved one, as they are irreplaceable.